When every thing is working properly, when you turn the key past 'on', the engine 'turns over' or 'cranks'. They're both the same thing.
Before cars had starter motors, you had to 'turn over' the engine with a hand 'crank' -- then (hopefully) it started.
A gasoline engine only needs three things to run: fuel, electricity(a spark), and air. If the engine turns over (or cranks) and doesn't start, it's not getting one of the three. Air is the least likely, as it will start with a minimum of air (- which usually actually helps). If the timing is off or you have bad spark plug(s), plug wires or distributor cap it can be difficult or impossible to start. If it's not getting any fuel (clogged filter or bad fuel pump) it will also be difficult to start or not start at all.
Good luck.
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