Hi,
if you've never replaced the small button battery in your keyless, then yes, that is most likely the problem. Print these instructions out and take it with you when you go to get new batteries. I'm going to describe the two things it might be, so stay with me for a complete answer.
The button battery in a 2005 is easily found at your local Wally World or similar chain superstore, probably at the jewelry counter. They are used for watches along with keyless remotes. It is not necessary to go back to the dealership for new batteries, as long as there are no other issues.
For a 2005 remote, Smart Key or standard keyless, the procedure is the same:
1. There is a small slide lock on the end of your keyfob, this slides over and the small metal key slides out (that small metal key gets you into the driver's side door in case the battery goes dead)
2. With the metal key out, slide the small lock button again and gently press and slide the back cover off the keyfob. If you've never removed the cover before, it may be a bit stuck so don't give up.
3. There will be a small cover secured by mini screws with a picture of round button batteries and the code number for the batteries (2032) on it. This just needs to be unscrewed to release the cover and the new batteries go under it. Switch the batteries and recycle the old ones.
4. Once the small cover is screwed back on, slide the bigger cover back on the keyfob. You will probably need to slide the release lock over when you slide the back cover on to get it to click all the way on.
5. Slide the release lock over one last time to slide your metal key back in all the way until it clicks in place.
This is simple once you've done it once or twice. I would recommend sliding the metal key out and back cover off a couple of times at home before going to the store. Trying to get this apart when you've never done it, especially in front of other people, has the potential to be embarrassing if it doesn't work right away. Just don't take off the small cover with the screws until you're at the store so you don't lose them.
Just in case, if the battery completely runs down too low, you can use the metal key to unlock the driver's door and then slide the metal key back in. Once inside, slide the keyfob into the slot in the dash and the Prius will start even if the keyfob battery is dead. You are already putting the keyfob in the dash slot if you don't have a Smart Key (and since you said nothing about having trouble with the Smart Key system, I'm guessing you have the standard keyless entry), but I wanted to mention it just in case.
Now, this is all guessing that you have no issues anywhere else. If you've never replaced your small 12 volt lead acid battery (not the large, nickel metal hydride (NiMH) hybrid/traction battery), it is possible that could be the problem.
The small 12 volt (just like one in a standard vehicle) does control the keyless/Smart Key function and if it is going bad, you will have trouble with the keyless. The 12 volt also powers your headlights, saves your radio and navigation presets, and gives the juice to the computers to start your Prius. If you've noticed any trouble from any of these, the 12 volt may be going.
12 volt batteries normally last about 5-7 years, or about 5-7 years worth of driving (60-85,000 miles). Some will last much longer and some will not last that long, but the 5-7 is a good rule of thumb. That is for any vehicle, not just the Prius. This is possible as your Prius is 5-6 years old (out in 2004/05 as an '05 model), so it's something to keep in mind, especially if you drive a lot of miles (15,000 or more per year).
You'll be fine either way. The batteries at the store and the 12 volt, if it needs it, at the dealership. Good luck.
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