DTC P0171 is "System Too Lean (Fuel Trim) (Except CA)"
Fuel trim refers to the feedback compensation value compared against the basic injection time. Fuel trim includes short-term fuel trim and long-term fuel trim. Short-term fuel trim is the short-term fuel compensation used to maintain the air-fuel ratio at its ideal theoretical value.
The signal from the heated oxygen sensor indicates whether the air-fuel ratio is RICH or LEAN compared to the ideal theoretical value, triggering a reduction in fuel volume if the air-fuel ratio is rich, and an increase in fuel volume if it is lean. Long-term fuel trim is overall fuel compensation carried out long-term to compensate for continual deviation of the short- term fuel trim from the central value due to individual engine differences, wear over time and changes in the usage environment.
If both the short-term fuel trim and long-term fuel trim are LEAN or RICH beyond a certain value, it is detected as a malfunction and the MIL lights up.
When DTC P0171 is recorded, the actual air-fuel ratio is on the LEAN side. When DTC P0172 is recorded, the actual air-fuel ratio is on the RICH side.
The two most likely possibilities are a vacuum leak or a problem in the HO2S circuit or the HO2S itself. (Bank one Sensor one.)
It could also be a bad Mass Air Flow sensor or a bad Engine Coolant Temperature sensor.
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